ģ361 relations: 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, 'Abd al-Wahid ibn 'Abdallah al-Nasri, 'Amr ibn al-'As, 'Atara, A Sinner in Mecca, A Sinner in Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance, A. even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer.
As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims.
Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة).
The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region.
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